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*This document is like a lab demo—an example Certificate of Analysis (COA) that showcases what a COA looks like but may not match the latest batch in all its glory. Think of it as a chemistry experiment: close, but not quite the final reaction!
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Bulk Quote| hazards summary | A skin and eye irritant. May have CNS effects. An aspiration hazard by ingestion. May have adverse effects on human reproduction or development, based on animal studies. May cause smarting and reddening of skin if spilled and allowed to remain on clothes. High vapor concentrations may cause mild smarting of eyes and respiratory system. May cause liver and kidney injury. A local irritant. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause narcotic effects, severe coughing, and pulmonary edema. Ingestion may cause kidney and liver injury. A skin and strong eye irritant. Harmful by inhalation and skin absorption. May cause narcosis, lung irritation, chest pain, pulmonary edema, CNS depression, blood disorders, liver and kidney injury, and reproductive disorders. See Xylene isomers.The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of 3-xylene stem from its toxicologic properties and flammability. Exposure to this clear, colorless sweet-smelling liquid may occur from its use as a chemical intermediate, as a component of gasoline, and as an industrial solvent. Toxic by all routes of exposure (ie, dermal, ingestion, and inhalation), 3-xylene can cause effects including headache, dizziness, skin and eye irritation, kidney and liver damage, pulmonary edema, coma, and death. The ACGIH recommends a workplace exposure limit (TLV) of 100 ppm as an 8-hr time-weighted average (TWA). however, to assure protection, wear an approved canister or air-supplied mask, face shield, plastic gloves, and boots and use non-sparking tools when handling 3-xylene. In emergency situations, a self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing are recommended. If contact does occur, immediately flush exposed eyes with running water, wash exposed skin with soap and water, and remove contaminated clothing. Individuals with diseases of the central nervous system, liver, kidneys, and blood should be protected from exposure. 3-Xylene is easily ignitable by heat, sparks, or flame (flash point: 25 °C, closed cup) and may do so explosively in an enclosed area. Also, vapor may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. The heat of a fire may cause containers to explode and/or cause thermal degradation of 3-xylene, producing acrid smoke and toxic gases. Fires involving 3-xylene may be extinguished with dry chemical, CO2, water spray, fog, or foam. For massive fires in enclosed areas, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. If a 3-xylene tank car or truck is involved in a fire, isolate 1/2 mile in all directions. Runoff from fire control water may cause pollution, and, upon entering a sewer, may create an explosion hazard. Storage of 3-xylene is preferably in outdoor or detached areas, away from heat, any sources of ignition, oxidizing agents, and any activity that could cause physical damage to containers. For small spills of 3-xylene, take up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent and place in containers for later disposal, or absorb on paper and evaporate in an appropriate exhaust hood. In either case, take care to avoid contact with the liquid or vapor. For large spills, isolate the area, dike far ahead of the spill and collect the material for disposal. 3-Xylene is a good candidate for the Belliot process of oxidative destruction, as well as liquid injection, rotary kiln, and fluidized bed incineration. 3-Xylene may be sent to a solvent disposal company, but prior to implementing any land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult regulatory agencies for guidance. |
| symptoms |
| health effects | Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Certain reproductive effects in fertility, growth, and development for males and females have been linked specifically to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Most of the research on reproductive effects has been conducted on farmers working with pesticides and insecticdes in rural areas. In females menstrual cycle disturbances, longer pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and some developmental effects in offspring have been linked to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Prenatal exposure has been linked to impaired fetal growth and development. Neurotoxic effects have also been linked to poisoning with OP pesticides causing four neurotoxic effects in humans: cholinergic syndrome, intermediate syndrome, organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy , and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder . These syndromes result after acute and chronic exposure to OP pesticides. |
| carcinogen classification | default_key: 3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. |
