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*This document is like a lab demo—an example Certificate of Analysis (COA) that showcases what a COA looks like but may not match the latest batch in all its glory. Think of it as a chemistry experiment: close, but not quite the final reaction!
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Bulk Quote| Molecular Weight: | 84.93 g/mol |
| XLogP3: | 1.5 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: | 0 |
| Rotatable Bond Count: | 0 |
| Exact Mass: | 83.9533555 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass: | 83.9533555 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area: | 0 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count: | 3 |
| Formal Charge: | 0 |
| Complexity: | 2.8 |
| Isotope Atom Count: | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: | 1 |
| Compound Is Canonicalized: | Yes |
| Related Compounds |
| hazard signal | Warning |
| hazard classes and categories | |
| precautionary statement codes | P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 |
| hazard statements |
| toxicity summary | IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Dichloromethane is a clear colorless, volatile, sweet-smelling lipophilic liquid. It is commonly used as a solvent in wood varnishes, paints, strippers, cements, vapor degreasing of metal parts. Methylene chloride is also widely used as a process solvent in the manufacture of a variety of products including food, textiles, insecticides, herbicides, steroids, antibiotics and vitamins. Not registered for current pesticide use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Methylene chloride is rapidly absorbed following inhalation, through the alveoli of the lungs into the systemic circulation. It is also absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and dermal exposure results in absorption but at a slower rate than via the other routes of exposure. Methylene chloride is quite rapidly excreted, mostly via the lungs in the exhaled air. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and be transferred across the placenta, and small amounts can be excreted in urine or in milk. Its biotransformation by the hepatic mixed function oxidases leads to formation of carbon monoxide and elevated blood carboxyhemoglobin . Human exposure is mainly due to inhalation but there are incidences of toxicity from oral and dermal contact.Dermally, dichloromethane irritates the skin and eyes especially when evaporation is prevented; prolonged contact may cause chemical burns. Following inhalation of dichloromethane pulmonary edema, hearing loss, CNS depression, liver dysfunction, renal dysfunctions, cardiac stress, and effects on hematological parameters have been reported. Exposure at extremely high levels from use as a paint stripper by consumers or in an occupational setting, has been fatal. Dichloromethane is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals. ANIMAL STUDIES: Dichloromethane is not teratogenic in rats or mice at concentrations up to 16,250 mg/cu m. Developmentally, dichloromethane is able to cross the placental barrier, and minor skeletal variations, fetal weight reduction, and more rapid behavioral habituation was evident in rats exposed before and during gestation. Single ip injection of dichloromethane into adult male rats caused renal proximal tubular degeneration. Morphological effects were observed in the cortex and the outer medulla. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of methylene chloride caused reversible CNS effects, slight eye irritation and mortality in several laboratory species. Neurological damage was reversible in rats exposed to 7, 100 mg/cu m dichloromethane for 13 weeks via inhalation. Body weight reduction was observed in rats at 3500 mg/cu m and in mice from 17,700 m/cu m. Effects on the liver were noted in dogs continuously exposed to 3,500 mg/cu m for up to 100 days. After intermittent exposure, effects on the liver were observed in rats at 3500 mg/cu m and in mice at 14,100 mg/cu m. Other target organs are the lungs and the kidneys. Dichloromethane is considered a carcinogen. When administered at levels of 0, 60, 125, 185 and 250 mg/kg body weight/day to mice in deionized drinking water for 104 wk, the high dose male and female mice showed a transitory increase in mean leucocyte counts. There was a slight elevation of proliferative hepatocellular lesions in the treated males but no dose related trend was apparent and the effect was absent in the females. Neoplastic lesions observed in the study were homogeneous among all groups and were within the range of incidence in historical controls. The results of this study demonstrated a toxicological no observable effect level of 185 mg/kg body weight/day in both sexes. In a 2 year study, female rats exposed to 500, 1500, or 3500 ppm had an increase in the total number of benign mammary tumors in an exposure-related manner. This effect was also evident in male rats in the 1500- and 3500-ppm exposure groups. Male rats exposed to 1500 or 3500 ppm had an increased number of sarcomas located in or around the salivary glands. In contrast, hamsters exposed to the same concentrations had less extensive spontaneous geriatric changes, decreased mortality , and lacked evidence of definite target organ toxicity. Dichloromethane is mutagenic in prokaryotic microorganisms with or without metabolic activation . In eukaryotic systems it gives either negative or, in one case, weakly positive results.Methylene chloride targets the lungs, blood system, and nervous system. In the lungs its metabolites damage Clara cells. It is also metabolized into carbon monoxide, which binds to hemoglobin to produce dose-dependent increases in carboxyhemoglobin. This results in the reduced oxygen transport and neurological dysfunction characteristic of carboxyhemoglobinemia . Methylene chloride is also believed to cause neurotoxicity by interfering with signal transmission in a manner similar to general anesthetics. Certain metabolites, such as formaldehyde, may result in carcinogenic effects by causing DNA single strand breaks, DNA-protein crosslinks, and other mutations. |
| hazards summary | Methylene chloride is a colorless liquid with a mild, sweet odor. Another name for it is dichloromethane. Methylene chloride does not occur naturally in the environment.Methylene chloride is used as an industrial solvent and as a paint stripper. It may also be found in some aerosol and pesticide products and is used in the manufacture of photographic film.Methylene chloride is predominantly used as a solvent. The acute (short-term) effects of methylene chloride inhalation in humans consist mainly of nervous system effects including decreased visual, auditory, and motor functions, but these effects are reversible once exposure ceases. The effects of chronic (long-term) exposure to methylene chloride suggest that the central nervous system (CNS) is a potential target in humans and animals. Human data are inconclusive regarding methylene chloride and cancer. Animal studies have shown increases in liver and lung cancer and benign mammary gland tumors following the inhalation of methylene chloride.Evidence of liver injury in exposed workers has been reported. Some of the methylene chloride absorbed is metabolized to carbon monoxide. Non-smoking workers exposed to average concentrations of 66 ppm had carboxyhemoglobin levels of 3.6 %. This is above that permitted for exposure to carbon monoxide (3.5 %). Dichloromethane causes trivial hepatotoxicity, unless exposure is very heavy or agent ingested. In one study, 24 healthy workers chronically exposed to methylene chloride at concentrations averaging from 60 to 475 ppm were electrocardiographically monitored and showed neither an increase in ventricular or supraventricular ectopic activity nor episodic ST segment depression. Likewise, there was no evidence of cardiac susceptibility or electrographic abnormalities in several case reports of otherwise healthy persons rendered unconscious from acute exposure to methylene chloride. Methylene chloride is in the list of Some volatile substances which may be abused by inhalation published on the web site of the U.N. International Drug Control Programme, indicating its potential to cause narcosis in workers. |
| symptoms | irritation eyes, skin. lassitude , drowsiness, dizziness. numb, tingle limbs. nausea. [potential occupational carcinogen]Breathing large amounts of methylene chloride causes dizziness, nausea, tingling or numbness of the finger and toes, loss of concentration, and reduced hand-eye coordination. Very high concentrations can lead to unconciousness, coma, and death. Skin contact with methylene chloride causes burning and redness of the skin. |
| health effects | Exposure to methylene chloride may cause optic neuropathy and hepatitis. Very high concentrations can lead to unconciousness, coma, and death. It is metabolized to carbon monoxide, potentially leading to carbon monoxide poisoning. Methylene chloride also causes liver and kidney injury, and may be a carcinogen. |
| carcinogen classification | IARC Carcinogenic Agent: Dichloromethane |
| carcinogen classification | IARC Carcinogenic Classes: Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans |
| carcinogen classification | IARC Monographs: Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 Volume 71: Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide Volume 110: Some Chemicals Used as Solvents and in Polymer Manufacture |
| carcinogen classification | default_key: 2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. |
