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*This document is like a lab demo—an example Certificate of Analysis (COA) that showcases what a COA looks like but may not match the latest batch in all its glory. Think of it as a chemistry experiment: close, but not quite the final reaction!
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Bulk Quote| precautionary statement codes | P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 |
| hazard statements |
| hazards summary | Benzene is a colorless liquid with a sweet odor. It evaporates into the air very quickly and dissolves slightly in water. It is highly flammable and is formed from both natural processes and human activities. Benzene is widely used in the United States. it ranks in the top 20 chemicals for production volume. Some industries use benzene to make other chemicals which are used to make plastics, resins, and nylon and synthetic fibers. Benzene is also used to make some types of rubbers, lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs, and pesticides. Natural sources of benzene include volcanoes and forest fires. Benzene is also a natural part of crude oil, gasoline, and cigarette smoke.Benzene is found in the air from emissions from burning coal and oil, gasoline service stations, and motor vehicle exhaust. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of humans to benzene may cause drowsiness, dizziness, headaches, as well as eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation, and, at high levels, unconsciousness. Chronic (long-term) inhalation exposure has caused various disorders in the blood, including reduced numbers of red blood cells and aplastic anemia, in occupational settings. Reproductive effects have been reported for women exposed by inhalation to high levels, and adverse effects on the developing fetus have been observed in animal tests. Increased incidence of leukemia (cancer of the tissues that form white blood cells) have been observed in humans occupationally exposed to benzene. EPA has classified benzene as known human carcinogen for all routes of exposure.The final OSHA Benzene standard in 1910.1028 applies to all occupational exposures to benzene except some subsegments of industry where exposures are consistently under the action level (i.e., distribution and sales of fuels, sealed containers and pipelines, coke production, oil and gas drilling and production, natural gas processing, and the percentage exclusion for liquid mixtures). As an organic solvent, benzene can induce narcosis and anesthesia acutely. After chronic exposure, it can cause aplastic anemia and leukemia. Exposure to benzene has been associated with development of a particular type of leukemia called acute myeloid leukemia (AML). There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of benzene. Benzene causes acute myeloid leukaemia/acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia. The WHO classification of AML includes Acute erythroid leukemia and Acute monocytic leukemia. Significant benzene exposure increases the risk of leukemia during the 10 years following exposure. Risk is not related to exposures that occurred greater than 20 years prior to the onset of disease. The highest exposures (mean of 11 ppm) in petroleum refinery workers occur in disconnecting cargo loading hoses, and respiratory protection is required. Workers exposed to products containing <0.1% benzene are not likely to be exposed above the TLV of 0.5 ppm. Our results confirmed the association between high-level benzene exposures and leukemia risks, and provided further evidence of a threshold effect and relevant exposure window. See Hospital-Based Case-Control Study of MDS Subtypes and Benzene Exposure in Shanghai. In high-dose animal reproductive studies, benzene increases sperm abnormalities, fetal loss, and delayed ossification. |
