| Pack Size | Qty | Lead Time | Price | Quantity |
Lot Number
CAS #
*This document is like a lab demo—an example Certificate of Analysis (COA) that showcases what a COA looks like but may not match the latest batch in all its glory. Think of it as a chemistry experiment: close, but not quite the final reaction!
| IUPAC name | cobalt |
| canonical smiles | [Co] |
| inchi | InChI=1S/Co |
| inchi key | GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| molecular formula | Co |
| synonyms | |
| Compound Description |
| Molecular Weight: | 58.93319 g/mol |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: | 0 |
| Rotatable Bond Count: | 0 |
| Exact Mass: | 58.933194 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass: | 58.933194 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area: | 0 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count: | 1 |
| Formal Charge: | 0 |
| Complexity: | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count: | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: | 1 |
| Compound Is Canonicalized: | Yes |
| Related Compounds |
| hazard signal | Danger |
| hazard classes and categories | |
| precautionary statement codes | P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P337+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 |
| hazard statements | |
| hazards summary | Cobalt is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, soil, water, plants, and animals. Cobalt is used to produce alloys used in the manufacture of aircraft engines, magnets, grinding and cutting tools, artificial hip and knee joints. Cobalt compounds are also used to color glass, ceramics and paints, and used as a drier for porcelain enamel and paints. Radioactive cobalt is used for commercial and medical purposes.60Co (read as cobalt sixty) is used for sterilizing medical equipment and consumer products, radiation therapy for treating cancer patients, manufacturing plastics, and irradiating food.57Co is used in medical and scientific research. It takes about 5.27 years for half of60Co to give off its radiation and about 272 days for57Co. this is called the half-life.Cobalt is a natural element found throughout the environment. Acute (short-term) exposure to high levels of cobalt by inhalation in humans and animals results in respiratory effects, such as a significant decrease in ventilatory function, congestion, edema, and hemorrhage of the lung. Respiratory effects are also the major effects noted from chronic (long-term) exposure to cobalt by inhalation, with respiratory irritation, wheezing, asthma, pneumonia, and fibrosis noted. Cardiac effects, congestion of the liver, kidneys, and conjunctiva, and immunological effects have also been noted in chronically-exposed humans. Cobalt is an essential element in humans, as a constituent of vitamin B . Human studies are inconclusive regarding 12 inhalation exposure to cobalt and cancer, and the one available oral study did not report a correlation between cobalt in the drinking water and cancer deaths. EPA has not classified cobalt for carcinogenicity.Cobalt is rapidly excreted in the urine. It may accumulate in the lung after inhalation of insoluble compounds. Goiter is a known side effect of cobalt treatment for anemia. Hard metal lung disease is caused by the composite material, a mixture of cobalt and tungsten carbide, that can injure the lung by producing toxic oxygen species. Also may occur after exposure to cobalt metal powder mixed with iron and diamond dust in diamond polishers. There is no evidence that cobalt metal alone or other cobalt compounds can cause hard metal disease. Pulmonary edema can result from heavy exposure to cobalt fumes. A cross-sectional study of 82 workers in a cobalt refinery with an average exposure of 8 years found mild thyroid dysfunction (decreased T3, T4, and increased TSH). No evidence of pulmonary fibrosis was found in these workers exposed to cobalt alone (not to hard metal). An epidemic of cardiomyopathy occurred in the 1960s among heavy drinkers of beer containing cobalt. A recent study of cobalt workers correlated cumulative cobalt exposure with echocardiographic changes but not with cardiac dysfunction. Cobalt is a hepatotoxic agent. Can cause occupational contact urticaria. Accordingly, a TLV-TWA of 0.02 mg/m3, as Co, is recommended to minimize the potential risk of developing asthma, pulmonary function changes, and myocardial effects. The recommended TLV applies to elemental cobalt and inorganic compounds, but not to cobalt exposure in the cemented tungsten carbide industry. See Effects of occupational cobalt exposure on the heart in the production of cobalt and cobalt compounds: a 6-year follow-up. See Tungsten carbide (cemented). See Cobalt-60 the most important radionuclide. |
| toxicity summary | IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Cobalt is a silvery gray solid at room temperature. Elemental cobalt occurs in the 0 valence state. Cobalt has two allotropic forms, hexagonal and cubic. Cobalt metal is used in alloys with iron, nickel, and other metals to make Alnico, an alloy of unusual magnetic strength; and in Stellite alloys, which contain cobalt, chromium, and tungsten and are used for high-speed, heavy-duty, high temperature cutting tools. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Occupational exposure to cobalt occurs is several industries, including hard metal manufacturing, welding and grinding. Inhalation and dermal exposure to cobalt can result in sensitization. Bronchial asthma has been described in workers exposed to various forms of cobalt. Interstitial lung disease caused by metallic cobalt particles is an occupational lung disease generally referred as hard metal lung disease. Mortality studies of the hard metal industry suggest an increase in lung cancer mortality. Inhalation of cobalt particles results in disposition in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Workers exposed occupationally to airborne cobalt had higher tissue levels of cobalt when examined at death. Lung concentrations of cobalt are significantly higher in copper smelter workers, metal workers and coal miners who were occupationally exposed compared with non-occupationally exposed workers. In copper smelter workers, no increases in liver or kidney cobalt levels were observed with controls. Metal workers had increased cobalt levels in lymph nodes, liver, spleen and kidneys. ANIMAL STUDIES: Chronic inhalation exposure to cobalt metal has caused lung cancer in rats and mice, as well as systemic tumors in rats. There were distinct sites of toxicity and carcinogenicity noted following exposure to cobalt metal. In rats, carcinogenicity was observed in the blood and pancreas, and toxicity was observed in the testes of rats and mice. Groups of 10 male and 10 female hooded rats were treated with a single intramuscular injection of cobalt metal powder. Within 122 weeks both males and females developed sarcomas, mostly rhabdomyosarcomas at the injection site. Metallic cobalt was implanted in the femoral artery of two groups of rabbits. No tumors were observed three years post-implantation. A follow up study of these survivors at 6 years revealed sarcomas and the site of implantation in two cobalt metal treated rabbits. Hard cobalt metal is more genotoxic than cobalt compounds in in vitro systems. Cobalt metal was mutagenic in S. typhimurium strain TA98 in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation ; no activity was seen in the presence of S9. Cobalt metal induced a small increase in mutant colonies in strain TA100 in the absence of S9, and no mutagenic activity was seen with S9. No mutagenic activity was detected in E. coli strain WP2 uvrA/pKM101 with or without S9. Results of peripheral blood erythrocyte micronucleus tests in male and female mice in the 3 month study were negative. |
| symptoms | Inhalation Symptoms: Cough. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Wheezing. Eye Symptoms: Redness. Ingestion Symptoms: Abdominal pain. Vomiting. |
| carcinogen classification | IARC Carcinogenic Agent: Cobalt and cobalt compounds |
| carcinogen classification | IARC Carcinogenic Classes: Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans |
| carcinogen classification | IARC Monographs: Volume 52: Chlorinated Drinking-water; Chlorination By-products; Some Other Halogenated Compounds; Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds |
| carcinogen classification | IARC Carcinogenic Agent: Cobalt metal without tungsten carbide |
| carcinogen classification | IARC Carcinogenic Classes: Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans |
| carcinogen classification | IARC Monographs: Volume 86: Cobalt in Hard Metals and Cobalt Sulfate, Gallium Arsenide, Indium Phosphide and Vanadium Pentoxide |
| carcinogen classification | IARC Carcinogenic Agent: Cobalt metal with tungsten carbide |
| carcinogen classification | IARC Carcinogenic Classes: Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans |
| carcinogen classification | IARC Monographs: Volume 86: Cobalt in Hard Metals and Cobalt Sulfate, Gallium Arsenide, Indium Phosphide and Vanadium Pentoxide |
